Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Working Memory Impairment in Calcineurin Knock-out Mice Is Associated with Alterations in Synaptic Vesicle Cycling and Disruption of High-Frequency Synaptic and Network Activity in Prefrontal Cortex

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5362-12.2013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synaptic vesicle cycling proteins are hyperphosphorylated in CN-KO cortex. A, Western blotting was performed on cerebral cortex protein extracts from three control and three CN-KO mice. Protein was probed with antibodies against total and phosphorylated dynamin I (Dnm1), synapsin I (Syn1), and Pip5k1γ (Pip5k1c) at the indicated residues. Densitometry analysis was performed. B, Mean (±SEM) phospho:total band densitometry ratios, normalized to mean ratio of control bands. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. ****p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: A total of 20 μg of protein from nine samples (three samples from each group) was loaded onto each gel along with one lane of a control cerebral cortex protein extract (Biochain) to act as a normalization control between the multiple gels.

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Working Memory Impairment in Calcineurin Knock-out Mice Is Associated with Alterations in Synaptic Vesicle Cycling and Disruption of High-Frequency Synaptic and Network Activity in Prefrontal Cortex

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5362-12.2013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of the synaptic vesicle cycling protein dynamin I are reduced in schizophrenia PFC. Western blotting was performed for dynamin I and β-III-tubulin on protein extracts generated from slices of PFC (Brodmann's area 46) from control individuals (n = 14) and from patients with schizophrenia (n = 11) or bipolar disease (n = 12). (See Table 1 for cohort information.) A, Representative Western blot showing dynamin I and β-III-tubulin expression from normal (N), schizophrenia (S), and bipolar (B) brain samples; C indicates a normalization control consisting of a commercial human cerebral cortex sample. B, Mean (±SEM) dynamin I protein levels measured and calculated as described in Materials and Methods. **p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: A total of 20 μg of protein from nine samples (three samples from each group) was loaded onto each gel along with one lane of a control cerebral cortex protein extract (Biochain) to act as a normalization control between the multiple gels.

Techniques: Western Blot, Generated, Expressing

Journal: Nature

Article Title: Repeated head trauma causes neuron loss and inflammation in young athletes

doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-09534-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a . UMAP representing 4 astrocytic subtypes. b . UMAP from (a) colored by pathological group. c . Stacked bar plots showing astrocyte subtype distribution across pathological groups, statistics performed by chi-squared test. Tests were two tailed. n = 28 individuals. d . Bar plots showing astrocyte subcluster distribution in control and RHI-exposed samples, dots represent individual donors colored by pathological group identity. Bars represent mean, error bars represent standard error of the mean. Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed Mann Whitney U-test. n = 28 individuals. e . Stacked bar plots showing pathological distribution across astrocyte subtypes. f . Violin plots showing Celda module expression across astrocyte subtypes. Black bar showing median statistic. Colored by astrocyte subtype most associated with specific module expression. Statistical analysis performed by linear mixed effects model. Tests were two-tailed. n = 28 individuals. g . Gene ontology analysis of astrocytic subtypes performed by Metascape. Statistics generated with GSEA and single-tailed hypergeometric test with Benjamini-Hochberg multiple hypothesis correction. n = 28 individuals. h . Dot plot representing expression of selected DEGs across astrocytic subtype and annotated by function. i . Projection of current astrocytic modules on to Visium spatial transcriptomic data. Top row of heatmaps show expression of white matter (PLP1, MBP) and grey matter (SLC27A7, SNAP25) genes. Dotted line indicates separation of grey and white matter. Heatmaps on the bottom row show expression of astrocyte subtype modules based on significantly upregulated genes in each subtype.

Article Snippet: The following public databases were used for the study: GRCH38 reference GCF_000001405.26 , Sun et al. microglia dataset ( https://compbio.mit.edu/microglia_states/ ), Visium spatial expression ( https://www.10xgenomics.com/datasets/adult-human-brain-1-cerebral-cortex-unknown-orientation-stains-anti-gfap-anti-nfh-1-standard-1-1-0 ) and Sun et al. vascular dataset ( http://compbio.mit.edu/scADbbb/ ).

Techniques: Two Tailed Test, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Expressing, Generated